xbeta
Uniform convergence

Loosely speaking, a sequence of functions {f n} converges uniformly to a function f if f n(x)f(x) pointwise for all x at a rate that is independent of x.

Definition

We say that a sequence of real-valued functions {f n} with f n:A converges uniformly to f:A if for every ε>0, there exists a number N such that for all xA and all nN, f n(x)f(x)<ε.

Alternatively, {f n} is uniformly convergent to f if and only if

sup xAf n(x)f(x)0.\sup_{x \in A} | f_n(x) - f(x) | \to 0.

This alternative form is commonly used as the definition.

Applications

If {f n} is a sequence of continuous functions which converges uniformly towards the function f on A, then f is also continuous on A.

  • Stochastic equicontinuity?
  • Uniform law of large numbers?